The 40 PAS rudiments — and the classic 26 they grew from — are the alphabet behind every fill you've ever stolen off a record. Learn the sticking, learn where it hides in real grooves. Here are the ones worth your time first.

RLRL RLRLThe foundation of all drumming. Alternating hands at any speed.
RLRLFour alternating strokes used as a quick fill or transition.
RLRLRLRSeven alternating strokes, often used for odd-length phrases.
RRLL RRLLTwo strokes per hand. The bounce stroke that defines your technique.
RRLLRTwo sets of doubles capped with a single. The first roll rudiment every drummer learns.
RLRR LRLLThe most versatile rudiment. Single-double pattern that moves accents around the bar.
RLRLRR LRLRLLExtended paradiddle with two extra singles. Great for 6/8 and triplet feels.
RLRLRLRR LRLRLRLLThree singles before the double. Fits naturally into 16th-note phrases.
RLRRLLSingle then two doubles. The six-note engine behind gospel chops and jazz fills.
lR rLGrace note before the main stroke. Adds thickness and texture.
lR L R rL R LFlam followed by two taps in a triplet pattern. The bread and butter of rudimental playing.
lR R rL LFlam followed by a tap with the same hand. Develops control of the grace note.
lR L R L lRA 5-note pattern with flams on the first and last notes — the accent lands on the second note.
llR rrLTwo grace notes before the main stroke. Like a flam with an extra note.
llR L rrL RDrag followed by a tap. Common in marching and corps-style playing.
llR L RA drag followed by two taps, with the accent on the last note. A corps-style classic.
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Take these stickings into real musical context.